A noun is a person, an animal, place, thing or idea. Nouns can be singular meaning there is only one item like a pencil or a pen or they can be plural meaning there is more than one item like pencils or pens. There are six categories of nouns:
1. Common nouns are is that do not refer to specific places, things or people like school, teacher or paper.
2. Proper nouns refer to specific people, places, things or ideas. Proper nouns are always capitalized like Mr. Smith, Atlanta, weekdays or specific organizations like the FBI.
3. Collective nouns are nouns that have been grouped together to form a single noun like family and food.
4. There are nouns that can be counted like, pencils or pens, and nouns that cannot be counted like air or outside.
5. There are abstract nouns and concrete nouns. Abstract nouns are nouns that can not be physically touched like safety or justice. Concrete nouns can be touched like a pen or a pencil.
6. Nouns can also be gerunds which are verbs that are being used as nouns. A Gerund ends in the ing form of the verb.
Source:http://www.edb.utexas.edu/pbl/ESOL/help/libry/speech.htm#noun
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